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4.4  |  The search for WMD
employed and to keep its infrastructure and manufacturing base largely intact …
This positioned Iraq for a potential breakout capability.
ISG uncovered Iraqi plans or designs for three long range ballistic
missiles with ranges from 400 to 1,000km and for a 1,000km-range cruise
missile, although none of these systems progressed to production and
only one purportedly passed the design stage. ISG assesses that these
plans demonstrate Saddam’s continuing desire – up to the beginning of
Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) – for a long range delivery capability.
Procurements supporting delivery system programs expanded after the
1998 departure of the UN inspectors. Iraq also hired outside expertise to
assist development programs.
ISG assesses that Saddam clearly intended to reconstitute long range
delivery systems and the systems potentially were for WMD.
Nuclear:
“Iraq Survey Group (ISG) discovered further evidence of the maturity and
significance of the pre-1991 Iraqi Nuclear program but found that Iraq’s
ability to reconstitute a nuclear weapons program progressively decayed
after that date.”
“In the wake of Desert Storm, Iraq took steps to conceal key elements of
its program and to preserve what it could of the professional capabilities
of its nuclear scientific community.”
“As with other WMD areas, Saddam’s ambitions in the nuclear area were
secondary to his prime objective of ending UN sanctions.”
Chemical:
Saddam never abandoned his intentions to resume a CW effort when
sanctions were lifted and conditions were judged favourable …
While a small number of old, abandoned chemical munitions have been
discovered, ISG judges that Iraq unilaterally destroyed its undeclared
chemical weapons stockpile in 1991. There are no credible indications that
Baghdad resumed production of chemical munitions thereafter …”
The way Iraq organized its chemical industry after the mid-1990s allowed
it to conserve the knowledge-base needed to restart a CW program …
Iraq’s historical ability to implement simple solutions to weaponization
challenges allowed Iraq to retain the capability to weaponize CW agent
when the need arose …
Biological:
ISG judges that Iraq’s actions between 1991 and 1996 demonstrate that
the state intended to preserve its BW capability and return to a steady,
methodical progress toward a mature BW program when and if the
opportunity arose.
597
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