12.1 |
Security Sector Reform
The term
“Security Sector Reform” is not used consistently, and is sometimes
used
interchangeably
with phrases such as “security system reform” and “Rule of Law”.
The
term “Rule
of Law” is often used to refer specifically to the justice
sector.
Disarmament,
Demobilisation and Reintegration
Disarmament,
Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR) programmes are designed
to
improve
security and stability in post‑conflict
environments.3
DDR aims to
deal with the
post‑conflict
security problem that arises when those who were fighting in a
conflict
(combatants
such as soldiers or militia) are left without livelihoods or
support networks.
DDR
programmes usually include a process of removing weapons from
combatants,
taking
combatants out of military structures and helping them to
reintegrate into society,
sometimes
including integration into new security structures.
Iraqi
Security Forces and Iraqi Police Service
The Iraqi
Security Forces (ISF) includes both the Iraqi Army and the Iraqi
Police Service
(IPS).
However, these terms are not used consistently and the ISF is
sometimes used to
refer
solely to the Iraqi Army.
Police
officers
For the
purposes of the Report, the Inquiry has used the terms “civilians”
and “police
officers”
but not “civilian police officers”. That adheres to the widespread
distinction
between
police officers from the wide range of staff working within police
forces who
are civilians.
Some of the
documents referenced in the Report refer to “civilian police
officers” as a
way of
describing serving police officers seconded to Iraq. It appears
that this description
is to draw
a distinction between the military police (Royal Military Police
and Ministry of
Defence
police) and police officers from territorial forces in England,
Wales, Scotland and
Northern
Ireland. While the Inquiry may have reproduced the term “civilian
police officers”
(sometimes
abbreviated to CivPol) in footnotes or in direct quotes, it has
otherwise
referred to
“police officers” or “military police officers” in order to
establish the same
distinction.
3.
Planning and
preparation for the post‑conflict period is described in detail in
Section
6.5. One of
the earliest references to SSR in Iraq identified by the Inquiry is
in a
paper
prepared for the Chiefs of Staff Strategic Think Tank on Iraq on 18
June 2002.4
The paper,
by the Ministry of Defence (MOD) Strategic Planning Group (SPG),
was
circulated
to a limited number of senior MOD addressees.
3
United
Nations Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration Resource
Centre, 31 May 2005, What
is
DDR?
4
Minute
Driver to PSO/CDS, 13 June 2002, ‘Supporting Paper for COS
Strategic Think Tank on Iraq –
18 June’
attaching Paper [SPG], 12 June 2002, [untitled].
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